Design of ultra compact 4:2 encoder using two dimensional photonic crystals

In this paper all optical ultra compact 4:2 encoder is proposed and designed using two dimensional photonic crystals (PC). The structure has silicon rods of refractive index 3.4 embedded in air host by creating line defects hexagonal lattice platform. analysis the design done for various experimental values radius, constant pitch finite difference time domain (FDTD) plane wave expansion (PWE) method licensed OptiFDTD software tool. optimised to get maximum power confinement at output ports inserting extra which interns acts like a resonator couple waveguides. chosen such way that ( $$\frac{a}{\lambda }$$ ) will fall around 1550 nm wavelength only good long distance transmission application as it having low attenuation high contrast ratio. Further, operated provides ratio 9.25 dB, propagation delay 33.1 fs foot print 119.34 $$\mu$$ m $$^2$$ . Hence highly advisable integrated circuits signal processing.